{"id":8614,"date":"2019-01-17T15:22:41","date_gmt":"2019-01-17T20:22:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/progyny.com\/?p=8614"},"modified":"2019-01-17T15:22:41","modified_gmt":"2019-01-17T20:22:41","slug":"how-to-test-for-sperm-dna-fragmentation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/progyny.com\/education\/how-to-test-for-sperm-dna-fragmentation\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Test for Sperm DNA Fragmentation?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"
What Is Sperm DNA Fragmentation?\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n

DNA is the hereditary material in humans and other organisms and consists of two long chains\u2014DNA strands\u2014that are coiled around each other, each made of sugars and phosphate. The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four types of molecules called bases, which are attached to the DNA strands\u00a0like rungs on a ladder. Although all humans have the same bases, the order of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism.\u202fJust\u00a0as\u00a0different combinations of letters create different words and sentences, the unique sequence of these bases makes your DNA different.\u00a0Sperm DNA fragmentation occurs when there is a change in the bases or a physical break in one or\u00a0both of the DNA\u00a0strands of the chromosomes contained within the sperm.\u202f\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What Causes Sperm DNA Fragmentation?\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n

One major contributor to sperm DNA fragmentation is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a strain on the body caused by the\u00a0built-up\u00a0damage\u00a0caused by\u00a0atoms with unpaired electrons\u2014free radicals\u2014that is not adequately neutralized by antioxidants. Sperm DNA fragmentation is associated with infections, cigarette smoking, drug use, exposure to environmental and occupational pollutants,\u202fadvanced age,\u202fvaricocele\u00a0(enlarged veins inside the scrotum), illnesses with high fevers, elevated testicular temperature (laptop computers, hot tubs), chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer and cancer treatment, poor diet, and obesity. Sperm DNA fragmentation also occurs when the body lacks the ability to repair breaks that occur in DNA, and when there is a deficiency of proteins that typically bind DNA and keep it in a compact form that is less susceptible to damage.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Why Would\u00a0Sperm\u00a0DNA Fragmentation Testing Be Useful?\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n

While a\u00a0semen analysis is still the most commonly used test\u00a0in the workup for male infertility, research has shown that the results of semen analysis tests cannot reliably predict whether a male is fertile or if a pregnancy will occur with infertility treatment. As a result, clinicians and researchers have looked for other ways to determine\u00a0whether\u00a0or not\u00a0a male is fertile.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Successful embryo development requires, among other things, undamaged DNA from both the egg and sperm. Studies have shown that sperm DNA damage is more common in infertile men and may contribute to poor reproductive outcomes. A significant proportion of men with infertility have also been found to have increased DNA fragmentation despite having normal semen analysis\u00a0results. These associations have led to the testing of DNA integrity as another method of assessing fertility potential.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What Does\u00a0Testing for Sperm DNA Fragmentation\u00a0Involve and Who Should Have It Performed?\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n

There are many different tests for sperm DNA fragmentation,\u00a0but the most\u00a0commonly studied ones\u00a0are\u00a0the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), the deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated\u00a0dUTP\u00a0nick end labeling assay (TUNEL), the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (COMET), and the sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD). These tests provide an estimate of the degree of DNA damage present in a semen sample. Testing for sperm DNA fragmentation is typically performed at an outside laboratory using a semen sample obtained through ejaculation.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite many studies investigating the utility of these DNA fragmentation tests, the 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Practice (ASRM) committee opinion concluded that there was not enough data to support a consistent relationship between increased DNA fragmentation and reproductive outcomes. This is likely\u00a0due to the fact that\u00a0there are millions of sperm, and unless there is 100\u00a0percent\u00a0DNA fragmentation present, it is unlikely that this is the sole cause for infertility. Currently, there is not enough evidence that DNA fragmentation testing alone can predict pregnancy rates in the context of fertility treatment, and routine testing is not recommended at this time. As always, there are select populations for which this testing would be useful, and a reproductive urologist would be able to determine if this additional information would be helpful in formulating a treatment plan.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Can You Treat Sperm DNA Fragmentation?\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n

Given that\u00a0new\u00a0sperm is created every 72 days,\u00a0decreasing exposure to oxidative stress may decrease the degree of sperm DNA fragmentation present.\u00a0Recommendations to reduce oxidative stress:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Varicoceles should be evaluated by\u00a0a\u00a0urologist to determine whether surgical repair is necessary.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Avoid hot tubs and tight-fitting underwear.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Eat\u00a0a\u00a0healthful diet full of fruits and vegetables,\u00a0and rich in antioxidants. Exercise regularly.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Avoid smoking and illicit drugs.\u00a0Limit alcohol intake.\u00a0Have a urologist look over your medication list to determine if any medications need to be switched or adjusted (e.g. SSRIs).<\/li>\n
  • Consider the use of supplements containing vitamins\u00a0and antioxidants.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Sperm DNA fragmentation occurs when there is a change in the bases or a physical break in one or both of the DNA strands of the chromosomes contained within the sperm.\u202f <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":22833,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[230,245],"tags":[228],"class_list":["post-8614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-male-infertility","tag-article"],"yoast_head":"\nHow to Test for Sperm DNA Fragmentation?\u00a0 | Progyny<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/progyny.com\/education\/male-fertility-health\/how-to-test-for-sperm-dna-fragmentation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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